Article about Global warming and climate change in reference to Nepal.docx

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Climate change, its impacts and the remedial measures in the context of Nepal

Introduction:

Environment is called the surroundings of us which varies from place to place of the world. It belongs to the sunlight, days, nights, oceans, water, forest, desert, snow land, rainfall routine, seasons, wind and the tides etc. If there is little change in any factors of surroundings then it may cause the changes in climate or the natural sets of the environmental cycle and it may cause the natural calamities, famines, starvations, disaster, high rain fall, floods, landslides, shifting of snow lines, thunders, tsunami, change in seasonal calendar, earthquake etc.

It is also a universal process of earth, when the earth rounds to the sun then the sunlight differs in different places of the earth. How much sunlight receives by the earth in the same way it returns the radiation to the weather (ozone level), So that the environmental heat remains in the same.

According to United Nations Framework convention on climate change is- “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activities that alters the composition of the Global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over long time period.”

According to World Bank Vice President for South Asia, Mr. Martin Raiser - “With increased evidence of more severe climate change impacts, Nepal stands at a critical juncture to embark on a path for recovery and growth that is more sustainable, more inclusive, and more resilient to future shocks. The good news is that the country’s notable successes in community forestry and hydropower investments are a strong foundation for future climate-smart growth.”

According to Dr. D. Michael Shafer - “climate change refers to significant, long-term changes in the global climate. The global climate is the connected system of sun, earth and oceans, wind, rain and snow, forests, deserts and savannas, and everything people do, too. The climate of a place, say New York, can be described as its rainfall, changing temperatures during the year and so on. But the global climate is more than the “average” of the climates of specific places.”

According to Dr. Uttam Babu Shrestha – “the human activities in industrial sector, deforestation, fuel used for human, caused the global warming so that, there is change in rainfall, timeline, earth surface, water ratio which called the environmental change. Therefore, now human lifestyle, national economy, health, agricultural infrastructure, altogether, zoological, and animal habitants has caused the situational overturn.”

Rise of global warming in sea-level

Global warming is the gradual increase in the average temperature of the planet's atmosphere due to a rise in energy (heat) impacting earth from the sun being retained in the environment rather than dissipated into space. Rising oceans threaten infrastructure critical to local jobs and regional businesses in metropolitan areas along the planet's coast. Water level rise threatens roads, bridges, subways, water supplies, oil and gas wells, power facilities, sewage treatment plants, landfills, and other structures. The globally averaged sea level is rising in two ways due to global warming. To begin with, glaciers and arctic ice throughout the planet are melting, releasing water into the ocean. Second, as the water heats, the quantity of the sea expands. A loss in the amounts of water on land aquifers, ponds, streams, and soil moisture is a third, much smaller component of sea level rise. Groundwater pumping is primarily to blame for this water transfer from the land to the ocean. Additional sea level rise is unavoidable as global temperatures continue to climb. How much and when relies mainly on future greenhouse gas emissions rates. Another source of uncertainty is whether the world's ice sheets, such as those in Antarctica and Greenland, will melt gradually as the planet warms or whether they will hit a tipping point and collapse suddenly. Concerning climate change, the sea level will increase in two separate ways.

According to International Energy Agency Parish, France – report, 2023." The sea level is increased by 0.13 meters per year and 1.1 percent gas is produced by the greenhouse.”

To begin with, when the seas are warm due to rising global temperatures, sea water expands, takes up space in the oceanic plate, and raises the water level. The second mechanism is ice melting on land, which subsequently contributes water to the ocean. So, global warming affects the rise of sea levels as well. 

 Global warming impact in Nepal

The temperature in the Nepal is also rising, causing the snow on the peak to meet at such an astonishing rate. As a result, there is more avalanche and rock slides. The melting glaciers have resulted in a scarcity of snow and ice on the peaks. Mountaineers are also suffering as a consequence of climate change. Many people living in Nepal are getting increasingly risk. According to the latest findings, snow samples included much more micro plastics than stream samples, with most micro plastics being fibrous. Although it is uncertain how climate change has affected in Nepal and the surrounding region, changes are already taking place that can potentially transform this part of the world drastically. Nepal is not direct immune to the consequences of climate change by being the many more mountains. However, all these factors are rapidly changing. The ecosystem has now been affected by the globally changing climate. Glaciers have receded, melting glaciers and sea ice has broken up earlier, flora and fauna have altered, and plants have begun to bloom earlier. In the following year, food systems will have to play a far more significant role in the battle against climate change. Flora and fauna must migrate quickly as the planet heats to sustain their existing circumstances. Some creatures can stay up, while others will most certainly fall behind. If the oceans rise and become more caustic, ecosystems will struggle to adapt.

Mountain ice loss, rapid sea level rise, and longer, more severe heat waves are all effects that experts anticipated would occur due to global climate change in the past. However, the global climate is expected to shift throughout this period. The quantity of heat trapping gases generated globally and how sensitive the Greenhouse effect is to all those pollutants determine the scale of climate change over a few years.

Now, in Nepal more than 3,500 places of the forest has been fire and the habitants of flora, fauna and the human beings are in crisis. By this forest firing many of the perennial water systems, rivers are being dry, the micro dust is in this layer in our immediate surroundings. The raising and setting sun in every morning and evening is looking diem if the sun is in this condition everyone is suggested not to see this king of sun sight because it may cause the loss or damage the eye sights. And by the reason of the this dusty surrounding many people are facing the health problem of eye allergy, headache, dizziness, diarrhea, mental stress.

The global warming and climate change in Nepal may cause by both people acts against the nature and sometimes the nature itself which are mentioned as follow

·        High population growth

·        Deforestation, forest fire and tree burning

·        Diversion of rivers and the tunnel roads

·        Industrialization, international war effect, maximum use of transport vehicles and high-level production of carbon dioxide

·        Carelessness of waste material 

·        The greenhouse effects

·        Unknowing human activity toward the nature

·        Natural causes

·        Fast snow melt, shifting of snow line and sea-level rise

·        Maximum use of cold house and people tend to use directly the refreeze food items

·        Using unnecessary chemicals in farm and household consumption directly

The remedial measures of global warming and climate change in Nepal can be followed as below

·        Controlling population growth

·        Increase public awareness

·        Application of 3R policy (reduce, reuse and recycle)

·        Conducting afforestation program

·        Controlling waste material production and its management

·        Providing firing helicopters for quick rescue from forest fires

·        Making good plan and policy for future flora, fauna and the human life

Conclusion:

Climate change is a worldwide problem caused by human activities directly or indirectly and sometimes by nature itself. We all should be cautious about it. It’s a serious problem to everyone in Nepal as well as in the world.

Krishna Lamichhane

University teacher and Everest network core group member

Nepal

5^th May,2026

For valuable suggestions

Email: kbjb2021@gmail.com